1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment

23rd Apr 1915 Allies close gap near Ypres  The 2nd Buffs and 3rd Middlesex holding the line at the cross roads in the centre of Sint Jan, were joined by the 5th Kings Own and the 1st York and Lancs, to form the Geddes Detachment under the command of Col Geddes of the Buffs. They joined with the Canadian Division to fill the gap left by the French Colonials who had fled under a gas attack the previous evening. Later in the day the Geddes Detachment was reinforced and the seven battalions counter-attacked as part of a wider effort to stabilise the line.

2nd of March 1915 Patrols

3rd of March 1915 Enemy Fire Silenced

4th of March 1915 Enemy Nervous

6th of March 1915 No Hostile Patrols

7th of March 1915 A Searchlight Hit

10th of March 1915 POW Taken

11th of March 1915 Mortar Shells

13th of March 1915 Booby Trap

16th March 1915 Information

16th of March 1915 No Hostile Patrols

19th of March 1915 Patrols

20th of March 1915

30th of March 1915 Hostile MG Damaged?

31st of March 1915

31st March 1915 Working Parties

1st of April 1915 Situation Normal

1st of April 1915 Orders

2nd of April 1915 Quiet Day

3rd of April 1915 Quiet Day

7th of April 1915 Mostly Quiet

7th Apr 1915 Reorganisation

4th May 1915 Tough fight on Frezenberg Ridge  The evening of May 4 th saw the beginning of the battalion's hardest trial and greatest achievement. The strain and stress was all over within a week, but during that period the 3rd Monmouth's were involved in some of the hardest fighting of the war. Suffering heavy casualties and though outnumbered by the enemy and without adequate artillery support held up the German attack at a crucial point of the line.
On this evening A company (Captain Baker) and C Company (Captain Steel) moved up into support trenches and dug-outs north of the road at the western foot of the Frezenberg Ridge. B Company (Captain Gattie) went up to reinforce the 1st York and Lancs in the front line on the right of the Brigade; and D Company (Major Lewis) remained in reserve at Potizje. The new front line, which had been hastily and poorly constructed, suffered severely from the bombardment. So bad did conditions become that both the 2nd East Yorks and the 5th KOYLI were compelled that night to dig a new line just behind the original one. Casualties had been heavy and the wounded were removed with great difficulty during the night, whilst the dead had to be buried where they fell.

6th May 1915 Shelling on Frezenberg Ridge  On May 6th, there was shelling, but less severe than on the 5th, and no attempt at an attack by the enemy.

7th May 1915 Heavier Bombardment on Frezenberg Ridge  May 7th opened with a heavier bombardment, which caused many casualties. There was nothing but the 27th and 28th Divisions between the enemy and Ypres but the British soldier proverbially does not know when he is beaten.

8th May 1915 Heavy Fighting in Ypres Salient  On the morning of 8th May, the 3rd Monmouths had three companies in the front line and one in support. Half a mile to the north the 1st Monmouth's were fighting with the 83rd Brigade. The German bombardment began at 5.30 am followed by the first infantry attack at 8.30. In the words of Pte W.H. Badham: "They started bombarding at the same time in the morning and….afterwards we could hear a long blast of a whistle, and the attack started. We were only a handful of men, and they came on in thousands, but we kept them at bay"
Private A.L. Devereux carried this story forward in a letter he wrote to his family a day or two after the battle: "Hundreds of them were put of action with shells and it left very few men to man the trenches. After, the Huns shelled all the country for a couple of miles…stoping any reinforcements from being brought up and thousands of the rabble charged our trenches in their favourite massed formation. The few boys that were left in our trenches showed then the kind of stuff Britain can turn out and thousands of the Germans were put out of action"
Almost immediately, the shelling started again and at 09.00am the Germans attacked again and were again driven back. The Germans realised that their attack was making no progress, and they fell back so that the artillery could return to its task on the front line trenches. By 9.10 am the bombardment was as intense as at any time that morning and there was little that the soldiers could do except find what little cover they could.
Orders reached the 3rd Monmouth's and 2nd King's Own from Brigade HQ about 10am to evacuate the front line trenches. Captain Baker began withdrawing his Company, but immediately the enemy opened up an intense machine gun fire, followed by shrapnel, which practically swept away the few survivors of A and D Companies. Captain Baker was killed a few yards behind the front line. The order apparently never reached Lt Reed and he and few men of A Company, with some machine gunners held on gallantly and resisted to the last. Lt Reed was finally killed and no officer of A Company was left, and only 13 survivors amongst the men could be mustered. D Company stuck it gallantly. They lost their only officer Captain J Lancaster. Every Sergeant in the company was killed and only 16 men answered the roll call next morning. Of the 500 men in A and D Companies only 29 were left. B Company (under Captain Gattie) throughout the battle was separated from the rest of the Battalion. They were in the front line in a wood near Red Lodge. Rations and letters came up regularly and one fortunate officer even received a tin of cooked sausages! What the war diary does not record is that the new trenches had been hastily prepared and it was not as deep or as wide as had been hoped for by those men retiring to it. One member of the 3rd Monmouths noted: "….when we occupied this new line of trenches we found them very badly made and up to our knees in water, and the poor men had no chance of getting any sleep unless they wished to i.e. down in the water".
So dawned the most critical day of the great battle, the 8th May, The 3rd Monmouth's lay astride the Zonnebeke road, the apex of the Salient, two companies in the front line with one in support and the fourth company not far away to the south. Half a mile to the north was their sister battalion the 1st Monmouthshire's in the 84th Brigade. Holding the position with them were their comrades of the 83rd Brigade, the nd Kings Own to the north and to the south the 1st KOYLI who relieved the 1st York and Lancs and B Coy. 3rd Monmouth's on the night of the 7th May. The Brigade had been in the line without relief since April 17th . Its numbers were greatly reduced, and the artillery behind were few in numbers and woefully short of ammunition. As indicating the desperate position of the British troops in respect to artillery support, it is now authoritatively stated that the heavy British guns during this period of the 2nd Battle of Ypres were limited to:- One 9.2 inch howitzer, Eight 60 pdrs, Four old six inch howitzers, Twelve obsolete 4.7 inch guns.
Against them the Germans brought up at least 260 heavy guns and howitzers. There was nothing except the Division between the enemy and Ypres on that day and they got as far as Verlorenhoek, but the British soldier proverbially does not know when he is beaten and the Germans were kept back somehow till fresh troops were brought up in the evening to fill the many gaps. The enemy on their side were all out to push through. They had guns on the high ground enfilading the British position and smothering our artillery, they had field guns well forward, and they had innumerable machine guns, and six divisions of their best and freshest troops, against the depleted ranks of the war-worn and weary 27 th and 28 th Divisions. Their bombardment opened up at 5.30.a.m. and the trenches lying on the forward slope were badly damaged and almost untenable.
The wood came under heavy shelling and Lt Groves and Lt Palmer were killed by a direct hit on their dug out. After two German attacks on the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in the front trenches, B Company charged across open ground to reinforce them. A dip in the ground favoured the advance and casualties were few, but Capt. Gardner was shot through the heart as he entered the trench, a great loss. He was one of the finest looking and best soldiers in the Battalion. 2/Lt. Paul was wounded at about the same time.
The first enemy infantry attack took place at 8.30.a.m. and was driven off. The bombardment re-opened and at 9.a.m. the enemy again attacked and were driven back. After a further hours intense shelling the front line was practically obliterated and the enemy found few survivors to hold up the attack. In A Coy 3rd Monmouths, Capt Baker and C.S.M. were killed and Lt Reed with a few survivors of his company held gallantly on and resisted to the last. This party and the machine gun section took heavy toll of the advancing enemy, but were finally overwhelmed by numbers. Lt. Reed was killed and no officer of A Coy was left and only 13 survivors amongst the men could be mustered. D Coy stuck it gallantly. They lost their only officer, Captain James Lancaster, beloved of all who knew him, and that fine type of Territorial soldier C.S.M. Lippiatt, who did such wonderful work training recruits almost single-handed at Abergavenny in August and September 1914. Every Sergeant in the company was killed and only 16 men answered the roll next morning. The machine-gun section were involved in this slaughter, and had one gun destroyed but one of the few survivors brought back the lock of the other.
Early in the day C Coy came into action in support, but little by little was forced back to Battalion HQ owing to the exposure of their flank from the north. Stragglers were coming down the road, so Col. Gough ordered Sergeant Jenkins to collect them in a trench in the rear, and for his fine services on this occasion coupled with the good work on the telephone; this old soldier received the DCM. This party and other remnants of the Battalion was led by Col. Gough in counter attack, but could only advance as far as the eastern edge of Frezenberg. In this advance R.S.M. Hatton was seriously wounded. He had accompanied the adjutant Capt. Ramsden, in many visits to the front line during the last terrible days and with him had often helped to stiffen the defence by cheery encouragement. He now refused to be carried back and was taken prisoner. His wounds were of such a nature that he was one of the first prisoners of war to be exchanged, but unhappily he died much regretted before the end of the war. He was a fine type of regular soldier from whom all ranks learnt much. After hanging onto this position for some time and holding up the advance, orders came at about 11.a.m. from the Brigade to retire on the GHQ line near Potijze.
Lt. McLean, M.O., 3rd Monmouth's and Lt.Marriott, M.O., 1st Monmouth's had established a dressing station just east of Verlorenhoek; at 11.a.m. they received orders to retire their detachments, but after sending back the stretcher bearers they found a number of wounded still coming back and so decided to carry on, till the enemy were practically in the village and Lt. McLean was wounded.
Just before mid-day the 2nd East Yorks were ordered to counter attack and after reaching Verlorenhoek with heavy casualties had to fall back on the G.H.Q. line. At 2.30.p.m. 1st York and Lancaster and 3rd Middlesex counter-attacked north and south of the railway, remnants of the 2nd East Yorks, 1st KOYLI, 2nd Kings Own, 3rd Monmouth's, 5th Kings Own going up into support. At 3.30.p.m. 2nd East Surreys, 3rd Royal Fusiliers arrived and were sent up in support. The counter attack, practically unsupported by artillery, made slow progress and by 5.30.p.m. was held up at a line running from Verlorenhoek south over the railway. This line was consolidated with fresh troops during the night and eventually became the approximate position of the front line until the British advance in 1917.
In the meantime the 3rd Monmouth Battalion with the exception of B Coy was withdrawn and marched back to huts at Vlamertinghe. B Coy throughout the battle was separated from the rest of the battalion. It reinforced 1st York and Lancs, coming under orders of the CO of that Battalion, and took over a trench on the extreme right of the Brigade and Division from a company of K.R.R.C. 27 th Division. The next unit on the right was the "Princess Pats". The position was in front of the wood near Red Lodge, about 300 yards south of the Roulers railway. The trench was newly dug like the rest of the line and not deep. It was also on a forward slope and the only communication trench was full of mud and impassable. Further, it lay along a lane with a hedge on one side and a line of poplars on the other, so that it was an admirable mark for the enemy's artillery observing on Westhoek Ridge. On May 5 th and in a smaller degree on May 6 th and 7 th the enemy bombarded the trench, but it was so narrow and well traversed that the damage was comparatively slight and casualties not as heavy as might be expected from such a bombardment. Sgt. Nash, a Territorial with much service, was killed on the 6th .
The attack in front was beaten off and the afternoon in the immediate neighbourhood proved quiet, but there was a great danger of the company being surrounded.. The P.P.C.L.I on the right were forced back to their support trench and on the left to the north of the wood there was a large gap and both flanks were more or less in the air. Accordingly Capt. Gattie went to the HQ of the Rifle Brigade, near Bellewaarde Lake, for reinforcements to protect the exposed flanks, especially to the north, and was able to guide them as far as the P.P.C.L.I. support trench, but machine gun fire prevented them from advancing further until dark. Meanwhile a party of the Monmouth's and KOYLI were in fact in advance of all other British troops with both flanks exposed. Towards the evening the bullets of our troops counter-attacking up the railway were beginning to take them in the rear, so that it was clearly impossible to hold on.
The party was now completely cut off from its own HQ, so Capt. Gattie proceeded to Brigade HQ for orders, leaving the remains of B Company under 2/Lt. Somerset. Under cover of darkness the men of both units filed out of the right end of the trench and were sorted out, and the men in the wood were ordered to re-join. This party had received no orders to advance in the morning and had been left behind. The senior soldier, Cpl. Sketchley, had kept them together during the day and now led 30 men out to join the Company. The enemy attack up the railway on his left had come so near that his party had taken a prisoner and they now brought him with them. Cpl. Sketchley received the D.C.M. for his great initiative and pluck at this period. Capt. Mallinson was awarded the D.S.O., for his fine leadership in maintaining this position and finally in extracting his party from a very difficult position. The enemy did not attempt to harass the withdrawal and the whole mixed party got safely back to Rifle Brigade HQ. After a halt there they proceeded across the railway to the Potijze road intending to rejoin the Brigade at Vlamertinghe.

9th May 1915 Hard fighting on Frezenberg Ridge  Under cover of darkness, the remnants of B Coy 3rd Monmouths began to withdraw to rejoin the rest of the battalion. Just as they got back to the GHQ line at dawn on May 9th a staff officer ordered them back into the front line.

10th May 1915 Reorganisation

11th May 1915 In the Line

21st May 1915 Inspection

28th September 1915

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There are:5260 items tagged 1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment available in our Library

These include information on officers, regimental histories, letters, diary entries, personal accounts and information about actions during the Great War.

Those known to have served with
1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment
during the Great War 1914-1918.

Allender James. (d.22nd May 1915)
Bucktrout MM & bar. Robert. Sgt.
Canetti Joseph. Pte. (d.8th May 1917)
Cunningham John Colenso. Sgt.
Fletcher Ernest.
Fox Freddy. Pte. (d.23rd Apr 1915)
Hall Fredrick Thomas. Pte.
Heeds Edgar. Cpl. (d.13th Apr 1915)
Hooson Joseph. L/Cpl. (d.9th Jan 1916)
Mason John William. Pte. (d.30th Sep 1915)
Wallace DCM MID John. Cpl.
Whiteley George Edward. Pte.
Wigley DCM MID William Ernest. CSM

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Cpl. John Wallace DCM MID 148 Company Machine Gun Corps

Sheffield newspaper article reporting Cpl. J Wallace DCM award

My grandfather,John Wallace, served throughout the Great War. He was in 1/4 Battalion The Hallamshires of the Territorial Army before the war and was mobilised at the outbreak of war.
He sailed, with his battalion, for France on 13th April 1915 and served with his battalion (he was 2251 Pte J Wallace, York and Lancaster Regiment) as a machine gunner until transferred to 148 Company of the newly formed Machine Gun Corps on 31st January 1916. On 7th July 1917, during the Battle of The Somme, he was in a particularly fierce action near the small village of Thiepval, which was on, or near, the extreme left of the line, during which he remained in captured German positions to give covering fire to his retreating comrades during a German counter attack. During this action his cousin, who was part of his gun team, was killed and this left him to operate the gun alone for as long as he could. Eventually, he had to destroy the gun, which had become inoperable, with a grenade and make his way back after his comrades. The war diary for 148 Company records his action in its entry for 17th August 1916.
For his brave conduct throughout this particular action he was awarded the DCM. He had, previously, been Mentioned in Despatches at least twice. Strangely, his entry in the London Gazette, recording his DCM award, incorrectly identifies him as still belonging to York and Lancs Regiment and with his old number. He was eventually transferred to "Z" class reserve on 28th February 1919.
After the war, he married and had two children - a son and a daughter - and he died in 1947.
Nigel Drake

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Pte. George Edward Whiteley 1st Btn. York and Lancacster Regiment

My grandfather, George Whiteley, was born in 1892 in Sheffield. In 1913, after joining the army, he became Lance Corporal G Whiteley of 1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment, and the paperwork I have indicates he was in India. In June 1914 he underwent Transport training at Inbbulpur. He was listed as wounded in 1915 in France and Flanders. In 1917 he was based at a Musketry Camp at Whitburn with the 378th Labour Company. On 26th of September 1917 he married my grandmother in Sunderland, County Durham.

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Pte. Joseph Canetti 1st Battalion York and Lancaster Regiment (d.8th May 1917)

My granddad, Joseph Canetti joined the 1st Battalion Barnsley Pals in 1914, he signed up in Sheffield.
He was killed in the 2nd Battle of Bullicourt on the 8th of May 1917 by machine gun fire while carrying wounded off the battlefield. My father was told that because he had an Italian name he could not carry a weapon so that's why he was a stretcher bearer. When he was killed he had four very young children, my father was only seven years old, 18 months later his wife, my grandmother died in the flu epidemic.
My family went to visit his grave 5 years ago in France and I was shocked to see they had spelled his name wrong (Canett not Canetti). When we arrived back in England I spoke to my older brother about it and he said that when granddad joined the Army in 1914 they changed his name because he had an Italian name. My grandfather was born in England in 1886 and his mother and father where Italian. And the Italians were on our side in the Great War. Also his medals have got the incorrect name on them.
David Canetti

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Sgt. John Colenso Cunningham 1st Btn. York and Lancaster Regiment

Jack Cunningham joined up on the 1st of June 1909 and served in India until outbreak of war. He then served in Belgium, France then in late 1915 left for Egypt then to Salonika, he served here till the end of the war. He left the Army on 7th of June 1921.
Andrew Cunningham

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Sgt. Robert Bucktrout MM & bar. 1st Btn. York and Lancaster Regiment

Robert Bucktrout was my great grandfather. He was a reservist at the beginning of the war, also working as a fireman for the Yorkshire Main Colliery. He served 17.5 years in the army, having been called up straightaway. He was discharged from the army on 12th March 1919.
He landed in Belgium on 7th of August 1914. Robert served throughout the war and was gassed twice at Hill 60 and Albert. His medical records show that he was hospitalised on Christmas Day 1914 for a gunshot wound. He was also hospitalised on 27th April 1915 for a gunshot wound to his right hand and a bayonet wound to his ankle.
He was awarded the MM in 1917 (I think, when he was lance-corporal) and the bar later that year (Gazette date - 21st August 17, p8642). His brother, George, was also the recipient of an MM.
Robert died in 1925 from the effects of gas poisoning (his brother George, having been invalided out of the army and awarded the Silver War medal predeceased him by four years).
Debbie Lawrie

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Cpl. Edgar Heeds 1st Battalion York and Lancaster Regiment (d.13th Apr 1915)

Edgar Heeds was the son of John and Jane (Marshall) Heeds of 40 Ollerton Road Retford Notts.
Geoff Wheeler

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Pte. John William Mason 1st Battalion Yorks and Lancs Regiment (d.30th Sep 1915)

John Mason's parents were Henry and Alice (Shaw) Mason
Geoff Wheeler

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CSM William Ernest "Wig" Wigley DCM MID 2nd Btn York & Lancaster

I was too young to understand what my Grandfather must have endured in WW1. My mother said he would never talk about it, but when my Mother and Uncle died I inherited all my Grandfathers militaria including newspaper clippings articles from the Tiger & Rose and a box full of post cards every single card that my Grandfather wrote to my Grandmother during the War. Amusingly he would always say "from me to it, I am alright, somewhere in France" (they could never give their exact location). I have managed to piece things together as best I can. He served with the 2nd Battalion Yorks & Lancs but at the start of the War he embarked with the Battalion from Ireland to France where he then joined the 1st Battalion and first saw action in the Ypres Salient after a period of rest they were then moved to the Somme then back to the Ypres salient and Salonika. During this period he was mentioned in despatches 27/11/1917, received the 1914 Star, BWM,VM, DCM (18/02/18), French Silver Medal of Honour with swords. It didn't stop there , 1919-21 saw him in Mesopotamia and NW Persia, where he received the GS Medal with clasp. At the outbreak of WW2 he had the task of mobilising the Reservists, the formation of the ITC and eventually the formation of the. ATS Training Centre. After retirement my Grandfather (now a Major), joined the civilian staff of the Regimental Depot at Pontefract as Museum Curator and was entirely responsible under various Depot Commanders for setting up the new Museum in the old Depot Sergeants Mess. I know, from what my Mother and Uncle have said, he was very proud of the Yorks & Lancs, having enlisted in 1906, and kept in touch with them right up until his death in 1974 and I am very proud to be his Grandson, I know he lost a lot of friends in France during WW1 and I always shed a tear when I try to imagine what they must have Gone through. They will never be forgotten.
Paul Scatchard

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Pte. Freddy Fox 1st Btn York and Lancaster Regiment (d.23rd Apr 1915)

Freddie Fox originally joined the Territorials on the 12th June 1910 but re-enlisted in the regular army with the 4th (Hallamshire) Battalion Yorks & Lancs Regiment on the 23rd August 1911. He lied about his age on enlistment saying he was 18yrs 11m when he was 1 year younger. He was single and lived with his parents. He went to India from 4th March 1913 and on 28th July 1913 he had received 10 days Confined to Barracks for having a rusty rifle bolt. He returned to England on the 18th November 1914.
Freddie was home for 57 days and then on 15th January 1915 he was sent to France with the 1st Btn Y&L. On 12th March 1915 he suffered frost bite. He was reported missing in action on 23rd April 1915, later presumed dead. His name appears on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial.
Freddie had an older brother, Albert, killed in action on 1st July 1916 when serving with the 9th KOYLI, his name is on the Thiepval Memorial.
F Cooper

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Pte. Fredrick Thomas Hall 1st Btn. York & Lancaster Regiment

Fighting was so intense at 2nd Battle of Ypres that the soldier next to Pte Fredrick Hall said "Shall we go into the wood (Nr Red Lodge)& end it all?" meaning shoot themselves. I'm pleased that my brave grandfather did no such thing or I wouldn't be writing this. Brave soldiers of WW1 I salute you.
Steven Hall

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Ernest Fletcher 1st Battalion York and Lancaster Regiment

My great uncle, Ernest Fletcher served in Karachi, India in 1913. I don't know much about him. He came from Wakefield, Yorkshire and from a photograph I have, he obviously played in the band of the 1st Battalion York and Lancaster regiment in Karachi, India on 10/3/1913. I'm trying to find more about him.
Stuart Housley

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Want to know more about 1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment?

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1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment
during the Great War 1914-1918.

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1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment

Want to know more about 1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment?

Those known to have served with1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regimentduring the Great War 1914-1918.

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If you enjoy this site please consider making a donation.

Announcements

Recomended Reading.

Links

The Wartime Memories Project
- 1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment during the Great War -

Those known to have served with
1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment
during the Great War 1914-1918.